#artificial intelligence
May 2026
Response-free item difficulty modelling for multiple-choice items with fine-tuned transformers: Component-wise representation and multi-task learning
This work introduces and investigates two extensions to the joint-encoding baseline: a component-wise variant, which encodes the wording parts separately, and a multi-task variant, which adds an auxiliary task of question answering.
Jan Netík, Patrícia Martinková
· arXiv.org · 0 citations