Validation of the 14-Item Shortened Version of the Positive and Negative Sleep Appraisal Measure Among Shift-Working Nurses
Objective Insomnia is a common condition that significantly impacts physical and mental health. Dysfunctional sleep beliefs and cognitive hyperarousal are recognized as key mechanisms in its development and maintenance. The Positive and Negative Sleep Appraisal Measure (PANSAM) was developed to assess cognitive interpr...