Physiological characteristics and transcriptomic insights into rootstock-scion interactions in apple under cadmium stress.
Cadmium (Cd) contamination of orchard soils threatens tree growth, fruit quality, and food safety, and strategies are needed to limit Cd accumulation in apple. Grafting is widely used in apple production, but how rootstock-scion interactions regulate Cd uptake and detoxification remains unclear. This study aimed to elu...