Barrier-Guided Local Nanopharmaceutics for Cartilage and Osteochondral Regeneration: From Effective Tissue Exposure to Cell-State Control and Translational Quality Attributes
Local nanopharmaceutic systems are increasingly used to prolong intra-articular residence, improve cartilage access, control local release, and regulate repair-relevant cell states. However, joint retention is often mistaken for effective tissue exposure, and nanoscale complexity is frequently treated as an advantage w...