Missing Evidence in Interfacial Polymerization: Challenges and Opportunities for In Situ Observation of Polyamide Membrane Formation
Polyamide (PA) thin-film composite membranes are the dominant platform for reverse osmosis and nanofiltration. However, despite decades of development, the dynamic formation process of PA layers during interfacial polymerization (IP) remains insufficiently understood. Existing mechanistic interpretations are largely...