Changes of bladder urodynamics after combined pelvic floor muscle training and intravaginal stimulation in women with stress urinary incontinence: a retrospective cohort study
Introduction Sling implantation increases bladder outlet resistance and consequently elevates voiding workload in patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). This study investigated whether a non-invasive approach—pelvic floor muscle strengthening combined with intravaginal stimulation (PFMT + IVS)—modulates voidi...