Polystyrene nanoplastics act as environmental buffers to alleviate the ecotoxicity of PFOS and alternative F-53B toward the submerged macrophyte Elodea nuttallii.
The increasing co-occurrence of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in aquatic environments poses potential risks to submerged macrophytes and their associated microbial communities. This study investigated the individual and combined effects of PS-NPs (1 mg L⁻¹), perfluoroo...