Do AI Writing Tools Improve L2 Writing Performance? A Meta-Analysis of Experimental Evidence, Moderators, and Methodological Quality
Artificial intelligence (AI) writing tools—including large language model (LLM)-based systems, automated writing evaluation (AWE) platforms, and AI-powered writing assistants—have become an increasingly prominent feature of second language (L2) writing pedagogy. Yet whether these tools reliably improve L2 writing perfo...