Targeting the PD-L1-induced PDK4/GLS metabolic axis overcomes anti-PD-1 resistance in non-small cell lung cancer
This study identifies a novel ‘PD-L1–ER stress–pyruvate–macrophage senescence’ axis as a key mechanism underlying primary resistance to ICB and proposes that targeting the PDK4/GLS-dependent pyruvate surge offers a promising therapeutic strategy to sensitize tumors to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.