Microsurgical Resection versus Endovascular Embolization for Intramedullary Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Regression Modeling.
BACKGROUND Intramedullary spinal arteriovenous malformations (sAVMs) are rare, high-risk lesions associated with progressive neurological decline, ischemia, and hemorrhage. Microsurgical resection (MR) and endovascular embolization (EE) are the primary treatment modalities, but their comparative efficacy and safety rem...