Hybrid PSO-ACO Algorithm for Routing Optimization in Ultra-Dense 5G MANET Networks
This paper presents a hybrid metaheuristic routing algorithm integrating Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) in the context of 5G communications. The proposed algorithm employs a two-phase architecture in which PSO initializes candidate paths using a...