Open access
Sep 2026
Validation of a modular low-fidelity training model for biportal endoscopic spine surgery.
OBJECTIVE Spinal endoscopy is associated with a steep learning curve, in part owing to its limited depth perception, which increases the need for training models. This study aimed to investigate construct and predictive validity of the Endobox as a low-fidelity training model for biportal endoscopy. METHODS To assess...
Camille Niederhauser, Guillaume Haering, Blaise Pellegrini et al.
· European spine journal · 0 citations