Open access
Aug 2026
Histomorphological features and PD-L1 expression in canine gastric carcinoma using full thickness biopsy
Canine gastric carcinoma (CGC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy in dogs with poor clinical outcomes. The biological relevance of microscopic tumor architecture and immune microenvironmental features in CGC is poorly defined. This study assessed key histomorphological features, including mitotic count, tumor budding,...
Fabian Z. X. Lean, Morgan L. Tibbles, Bronwen Hulme et al.
· Veterinary Oncology · 0 citations