An integrated prognostic model incorporating clinical characteristics, multiparametric MRI radiomics, deep learning features, and intratumoral heterogeneity for glioma patients
Introduction Gliomas are the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system, characterized by significant biological heterogeneity and poor prognosis. Multiparametric MRI-based image analysis has shown promise in prognostic assessment; however, effective integration of deep learning (DL), radiomics,...