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Kai-Yuan Liu

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#natural language process... Preprint Sep 2026

When Agents Slow Down: Understanding LLM Agents'Test-Time Strategies via Elo-per-token Analysis

Large language model (LLM) agents allocate test-time compute adaptively as they revise solutions, use tools, explore alternatives, and decide when to stop. This test-time strategy makes it difficult to measure how agent performance scales. We study open-ended tasks that provide continuous scores for intermediate submis...

Kai-Yuan Liu, Qiu-Yang Mang, Bo-Fei Peng et al. · 2 citations

Preprint Aug 2026

RecurSE: Bounded Recursive Self-Evaluation for LLM Rubric Judges

This work eliminates external gold supervision from the RL training reward: the model's own evaluative capability generates learning signals for its optimization -- a closed-loop setting of bounded recursive self-improvement (RSI) termed Recursive Self-Evaluation (RecurSE).

Kai-Yuan Liu, Ziyuan Zhuang, Rong-Xiang Weng et al. · 0 citations