Karthika Madhu

Microbial and Enzymatic Strategies for Plastic Waste Biodegradation: Mechanistic Pathways, Environmental Challenges, and Emerging Biotechnological Strategies

This review includes various bacterial and fungal enzymes associated with major stages of microbial plastic degradation, including biodeterioration, biofragmentation, bioassimilation, and mineralization and highlights recent advancements in metagenomics, enzyme engineering, synthetic biology, and multi‐omics approaches that helps in improving the efficiency and large‐scale industrial feasibility of microbial plastic degradation.