An NWP-Free, Observation-Driven Deep Learning Approach to Heavy-Rainfall Nowcasting Beyond the Three-Hour Limit
Quasi-stationary convective bands over Kyushu, Japan, frequently trigger rainy-season disasters, and hours with ≥50 mm h −1 rainfall are increasing. However, skillful nowcasts beyond 3 h remain limited. This study presents FlowsNet, an observation-based multisensor fusion model that learns directly from radar/rai...