Responsible Artificial Intelligence in Local Government
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming local government by enhancing data-driven decision-making, service delivery, and administrative efficiency. However, its growing adoption also raises significant governance challenges relating to transparency, accountability, institutional capability, data governance, and public trust. This report examines the emerging role of AI in local government and identifies the governance mechanisms required to support its responsible implementation. The report combines conceptual analysis, policy review, and empirical evidence to examine AI adoption from both institutional and societal perspectives. It reviews the evolution of AI research and policy within local government and maps current and emerging AI applications across key service domains, including urban planning, transportation, environmental management, healthcare, public safety, and citizen engagement. The report further examines the policy and governance landscape supporting AI adoption and develops a responsible AI framework centred on four core principles: transparency, accountability, institutional capability, and citizen engagement. Empirical findings, drawing on cross-national public surveys alongside surveys and interviews with local government practitioners, reveal both shared and divergent perceptions regarding AI adoption. While respondents recognise AI’s potential to improve efficiency, service quality, and evidence-based decision-making, concerns remain regarding fairness, explainability, accountability, regulatory readiness, and institutional capacity. Synthesising these findings, the report identifies six interrelated categories of governance risks encompassing regulatory, institutional, operational, accountability, democratic, and workforce dimensions. The report concludes that realising the benefits of AI in local government requires governance approaches that extend beyond technological implementation. Responsible AI adoption depends on robust policy frameworks, organisational capability, effective data governance, transparent oversight, meaningful public engagement, and workforce preparedness. By integrating these governance principles, local governments can harness AI to improve public services while safeguarding democratic values, institutional integrity, and public trust.