Kevin L. Simmons

Solvent-free non-isocyanate polyurethane thermoplastic films from lignin and castor oil: toward sustainable packaging applications

Polyurethane (PU) films widely used in flexible packaging rely on petroleum-derived polyols and toxic isocyanates, raising significant environmental and safety concerns. Non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs), synthesized through the polyaddition of cyclic carbonates and amines, represent a promising alternative for deve...