Analysis of the Internal Flow Characteristics and Impeller Strength of the Stay Vane Mixed Flow Chemical Pump
To improve the energy conversion performance and long-term structural stability of stay vane mixed-flow chemical pumps used for industrial residual pressure recovery, this paper establishes a coupled numerical framework of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and finite element structural analysis (FEA). The internal flow evolution, radial hydraulic excitation, transient pressure oscillation and impeller mechanical bearing capacity are systematically investigated under three typical flow states: partial load 0.7 Qd, design condition 1.0 Qd and overload 1.2 Qd. The results show that the flow inside the pump is smooth and there is no obvious backflow or separation under the rated working condition, and the energy conversion efficiency is the best. When operating under partial discharge, boundary layer separation and recirculating secondary vortices easily emerge inside the pump passage, which drastically elevates hydraulic energy dissipation. Meanwhile, operating load exerts a remarkable influence on the impeller’s radial hydraulic load and transient pressure oscillation intensity. The radial force and the pressure pulsation amplitude at the impeller outlet are the largest under the small flow condition, and the force is the most stable under the rated working condition. Blade passing frequency dominates the frequency components of transient pressure fluctuations. The maximum von-Mises stress on the impeller concentrates at the filet where blade roots connect with the hub, and this peak value hits 86.3 MPa under partial-load low-flow operating status. Calculated stress values for all three flow rates satisfy the structural safety criteria. The outcomes of this numerical investigation can offer reliable technical support for hydraulic performance optimization and structural dimension design of this type of mixed-flow chemical pump.