Personalization and the Homogenization Debate in AI-Adaptive EFL Reading: Cognitive Load, Learner Agency, and Reading Development
This exploratory cluster-randomized mixed-methods study examined reading development and learner experience across AI-adaptive, teacher-differentiated, and non-differentiated EFL reading instruction. Eighty-seven university-level EFL learners, classified by CEFR proficiency, completed a 12-week intervention across four...