L. Hajiyeva

AI-Based Language Models (LLMs) in Assessing ESL Learners’ Speaking Skills: Opportunities and Limitations

Speaking is widely regarded as the most difficult skill to teach, practise, and assess in English as a Second Language (ESL) classrooms, largely because valid assessment of oral proficiency has traditionally depended on scarce resources: trained human raters, controlled testing conditions, and considerable time. The re...