L. Houyel

Pulmonary atresia with “intact ventricular septum” associated with a ventricular septal defect: an apparent paradox?

Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) is a rare congenital heart defect including atresia of the pulmonary valve, varying degrees of right ventricle and tricuspid valve hypoplasia, and coronary anomalies, without communication at the ventricular level. However, the term intact ventricular sept...