On phase-field regularization in dynamic fracture with brittle and cohesive formulations
Phase-field models of fracture are widely used for simulating crack nucleation and propagation, yet the role of the phase-field regularization in the dynamic regime is not fully understood and depends critically on how the damage variable is coupled to the displacement field. In this paper, we analyze three alternative formulations: the brittle model with stiffness degradation, its variant with stiffness+density degradation, and our recently proposed phase-field regularization of cohesive fracture, which we extend to elastodynamics. By studying the interaction of a tensile and a compressive elastic wave with a phase-field crack in a one-dimensional bar, we determine for which models and under which conditions the phase-field regularization preserves the features of the wave-crack interaction expected for a sharp crack, and we theoretically explain which variables control the behavior. For the new cohesive model extended to dynamics, we further derive an analytical dynamic cohesive opening law. Finally, we study the dynamic behavior including branching of a two-dimensional notched plate at two loading intensities.