Cadmium and lead: genotoxic effects on the broodstock of the fish Prochilodus magdalenae (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)
Introduction: Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) pose a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems due to their persistence, capacity for bioaccumulation, and genotoxic potential. These contaminants are of particular concern in tropical freshwater systems, where they may impact native species of ecological,...