Biotransformation-Driven Enhancement of Tannins and Bioactivity in Opuntia ficus-indica Peel via Solid-State Fermentation
Agro-industrial residues such as prickly pear peel represent an underutilized source of bioactive compounds. However, comparative evidence on green extraction versus biotransformation strategies remains limited. This study evaluated solid-state fermentation (SSF), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-ass...