Skip to content

Author

L. Zhu

We have 5 of 6 papers

We haven’t gathered this author’s papers yet. Follow them and we’ll fetch their work.

Not the right person? Other researchers publish under this name.

Preprint Aug 2026

One Capability or Many? Structural and Predictive Tests of Benchmark Validity Disagree About Economic Benchmarks for Frontier AI

Frontier-model leaderboards now rank systems on economic benchmarks, and those rankings inform what organisations buy and what regulators scrutinise. Whether such benchmarks measure a capability distinct from general test-taking is a question of construct validity that a structural test and a predictive test can answer...

L. Zhu · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Aug 2026

Three Ways Classical Test Theory Can Mislead About LLM Judges

Evaluations that use a large language model (LLM) as a judge have begun to borrow reliability statistics from classical test theory and its extensions. We examine three such statistics that need one administration and no gold labels. None of them can isolate the judge, because one judge under one prompt supplies no var...

L. Zhu · 1 citation
#machine learning Preprint Aug 2026

The Price of Intelligence: A Quality-Adjusted Price Index for AI Services

This paper constructs quality-adjusted price indices for the AI inference market from public data and assembles 21,024 posted-price observations across 3,208 models and 86 providers and joins them to 4,605 benchmark scores through a latent quality index estimated from benchmark response patterns.

L. Zhu · 1 citation

We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads. See our Cookie Policy.