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Li-Xian Chen

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Book Open access Aug 2026

Over-squashing as Transport Congestion: A Sandpile Dynamics Perspective

A differentiable Sandpile Stabilization Layer (SSL) and congestion-aware objectives designed to redistribute excess load and manage stabilization costs are proposed and Experiments on long-range benchmarks show that targeting sandpile-identified bottlenecks mitigates representation collapse and improves over standard b...

Yang Shi, Li-Xian Chen, Jingchao Wang et al. · 0 citations
Book Open access Aug 2026

Over-squashing as Transport Congestion: A Sandpile Dynamics Perspective

Message-passing graph neural networks (MP-GNNs) are widely used for learning on relational data. However, their performance drops on tasks requiring long-range interactions due to over-squashing, where exponential information compression overwhelms fixed-width embeddings. While existing analyses often attribute this to...

Yang Shi, Lixian Chen, Jingchao Wang et al. · 0 citations

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