Influence of Dietary Rumen-Protected Choline and Nicotinic Acid Supplementation on Growth Outcomes and Meat Tenderness, Rumen Microbial Composition, and Serum Metabolomics of Late-Fattening Beef Cattle
High-concentrate feeding during late fattening can impair metabolic health and meat quality in beef cattle, yet effective nutritional strategies remain limited. Choline and nicotinic acid are involved in lipid and energy metabolism, but information on their combined or sequential supplementation is scarce. This study e...