The circadian-microbiome-immune axis in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of spatiotemporal immunosuppression and chronotherapeutic horizons
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global oncological challenge, largely because most microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumors exhibit intrinsic resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiome and host circadian rhythm jointly regulate mucosal homeostasis; however, thei...