Author

Liang Ma

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Open access Oct 2026

Flexibility assessment of grid-interactive commercial buildings considering multi-zone thermal coupling

: Commercial buildings, characterized by substantial cooling loads and thermal inertia, serve as vital flexible resources for low-carbon power systems. However, existing approaches often fail to capture thermo-electric coupling under multi-zone thermal interactions and neglect user-side efficiency, which necessitates a...

Zi-Chun Zhou, Sheng-Sheng Chen, Hui-Ling Su et al. · Proceedings: Engineering · 0 citations

Conference Aug 2026

Surrogate-Assisted Deep Reinforcement Learning for Commercial HVAC Optimal Control Considering Thermal Inertia

Commercial buildings can provide operational flexibility through HVAC control because thermal inertia enables short-term load shifting under time-of-use (TOU) electricity pricing. However, direct reinforcement learning interaction with a high-fidelity building simulator is computationally expensive and may generate und...

Jia-Xuan Luo, Sheng Chen, Hui-Ling Su et al. · 2026 6th Power System and Gr... · 0 citations

Open access Sep 2026

A Planning–Operation Bi-Level Optimization Method for Flexible Power Distribution System Scenarios with Voltage Source Converters Under Flexibility Constraints

High-penetration distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation, energy storage, flexible loads, and voltage source converters (VSCs) are transforming distribution-system operation, making operational flexibility essential in planning. This paper proposes a planning–operation bi-level optimization method for flexible distrib...

Hong-Jun Li, Liang Ma, Xia-Ning Jin et al. · Energies · 0 citations