Preprint
Aug 2026
Near-Field Dual-UPA Communications: A Generalized Geometric Approach
A generalized geometric model is developed to calculate the 3D distance between arbitrary antenna elements across the transmitter and receiver panels and derives a closed-form near-field to far-field (NF-FF) boundary for dual-UPA configurations.
Li Zheng, Xing Hao, Ziru Chen et al.
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