Author

Longzhao Liu

2 papers indexed here

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Preprint Sep 2026

Learning to cooperate in a changing world: How caring about the future promotes cooperation across scales

In social dilemmas, individuals need to forgo short-term temptations to achieve synergistic collective outcomes through cooperation. Previous work has examined mechanisms through which cooperation can evolve, including direct reciprocity, indirect reciprocity, environmental stochasticity, network reciprocity, and demog...

Yu-Xin Geng, Xing-Ru Chen, Xin Wang et al. · 0 citations

Apr 2026

Reinforcement learning with reputation-based adaptive exploration promotes cooperation.

Reinforcement learning provides a framework for studying how individuals adjust their behavior through repeated interaction and feedback in social dilemmas. In Q-learning, exploration controls how often agents choose actions other than those favored by their current learned Q-values. Yet, the existing models usually tr...

Ang Li, Wenqiang Zhu, Chao-Qian Wang et al. · Chaos · 0 citations