Preprint
Oct 2026
ONDT: A Modular and Virtualized O-RAN Digital Twin for xApp/rApp Closed-Loop Experimentatio
Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architectures extend programmability in next-generation cellular networks through Near-Real-Time and Non-Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs), enabling AI/ML-driven xApps and rApps to optimize network behavior dynamically. However, validating automated closed-loop control algor...
M. Catalan-Cid, Joan Josep Aleixendri, A. Betzler et al.
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