M. Al-khresheh

The Effects of Immediate Versus Delayed Timing of AI Support on EFL Learners’ Reading Comprehension Performance: An Experimental Study

The growing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into second-language reading instruction has intensified debate regarding whether AI-mediated support facilitates comprehension or reduces the cognitive effort required for independent meaning construction. Although previous research has reported generally positiv...

A structural model of student engagement in online EFL learning: self-regulation and online learning pathways

Examining ChatGPT-supported speaking practice among Saudi EFL students: a quasi-experimental study

Speaking remains a persistent challenge for Saudi EFL learners, as large classes, limited exposure, and speaking anxiety restrict opportunities for practice. This quasi-experimental study examined whether ChatGPT-supported speaking practice was associated with higher adjusted post-test oral proficiency scores than thos...