M. Boylan-Kolchin

Early Supermassive Black Holes and Little Red Dots Require Free-Fall Growth

Supermassive black holes/active galactic nuclei (SMBHs/AGN), forming only a few hundred million years after the Big Bang as observed with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), challenge theoretical understanding. How could they grow so massive $(M_{\rm BH}>10^6 {\rm \,M}_\odot)$ so quickly after initial seeding? Is th...