Association of Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Aortic Cross-Clamp Durations with ICU Length of Stay in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Retrospective Study at Nasiriya Heart Center
Background: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and aortic cross-clamping are essential components of many cardiac surgical procedures. However, prolonged durations have been linked to adverse outcomes, including delayed recovery and increased intensive care unit (ICU) resource utilization. Understanding their impact is criti...