M. I. Barbosa

From Single-Modal to Multi-Modal Artificial Intelligence in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Databases, Modalities, Diagnostic Performance, and Clinical Translation Challenges

Overall, current AI systems remain highly dependent on existing datasets and heterogeneous evaluation protocols, which limit generalizability and clinical applicability, and future research should prioritize representative multimodal datasets, rigorous external validation, and clinically interpretable AI systems.