Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Tool for Enhancing Rapeseed Viability Under Excess Water Conditions
Abstract Flooding is a critical abiotic stressor that adversely impacts crop growth, including rape-seed (Brassica napus L.). Iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as a promising approach for mitigating such environmental stressors. This study aimed to assess the potential of soil-applied Fe₃O₄ NPs to all...