Leveraging Geospatial Big Data for Smart City Digital Twins: A Framework for 3D Modeling and Solar Energy Assessment
Abstract. This study presents a semi-automated Level of Detail (LoD) 2 building modelling and analysis framework, implemented using fully open-source geographic information system (GIS) software, for the high-accuracy identification of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) potential in smart city digital twins. The LoD 1 building...