Non-invasive embryo assessment: Cell-free DNA-based genetic testing and amino acid metabolomics in relation to morphology: A case-control study
Abstract Background Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in spent culture medium (SCM) offers a non-invasive option for preimplantation genetic testing, but its low concentration and fragmentation reduce clinical reliability. Combining genetic assessment with metabolomic profiling may provide complementary information about embryo co...