A multi-purpose nanofluid strategy for flow assurance in challenging carbonate formations via simultaneous IFT reduction, asphaltene control, and wettability modification
Asphaltene deposition and unstable emulsions represent persistent flow assurance bottlenecks in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) from carbonate reservoirs, frequently inducing formation damage, pore throat plugging, and substantial productivity losses. Despite significant research efforts, no single nanofluid system has...