MCP-1, IL-6 , TMPRSS2, and CRP Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood of COVID-19 Patients with a History of COPD and Comparison with Healthy Individuals
Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with persistent airway inflammation and an increased risk of adverse outcomes following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While the lower airways have been the primary focus of most studies, the upper respiratory tract plays a critical role in...