Efficacy of plant-based formulations containing Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Urtica dioica, Quassia amara and Brassica napus extracts against Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval, 1833) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) is one of the most destructive polyphagous pests affecting numerous crops worldwide. The intensive use of synthetic insecticides for its control has led to increasing concerns regarding resistance development, environmental contamination, and adverse effects on non-target organisms. Co...