A Hierarchical Nonlinear Predictive Controller for Ramp-rate Mitigation in Hybrid Energy Systems with Solar Photovoltaics
Stringent ramp-rate constraints due to high solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration in power systems challenge conventional smoothing techniques, where capacity saturation and device degradation become critical bottlenecks. In this context, PV smoothing is posed as a constrained dispatch objective to shape the grid-facing...