Climate risks (CR), particularly extreme climatic events, are systematically threatening global public health (PH). However, most of the existing studies focus on the linear relationship between a single climate factor and health outcomes, lack in-depth investigation of the nonlinear relationship between the two, and pay little attention to the multi-dimensional adjustment of socio-economic factors. This paper collects panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2011 to 2023, uses ArcGIS and the quantile method to visualize the spatial and temporal evolution pattern of provincial CR and PH. By constructing a province-year fixed effect model with a square term and a moderating effect model, the nonlinear relationship between the two is systematically explored, and the moderating mechanism and heterogeneity of different social factors are identified. The results show that the response of PH to CR is first actively adapted and then significantly inhibited, showing a significant inverted U-shaped relationship. Digital inclusive finance (DIF) and residents’ income level (RI) make the inverted U-shaped curve steeper and push the inflection point to the right, showing the characteristics of efficiency-enhanced adjustment; the energy structure optimization (ESO) makes the curve more gentle and the inflection point move to the left, which is manifested as risk-releasing regulation. According to heterogeneity analysis, environmental regulations intensity and green spaces construction have mitigated the health impacts of CR through buffering effects, while green technological innovation has contributed to the manifestation of the inverted U-shaped relationship. This study confirms the existence of an adaptive threshold in the climate-health system resilience, and elucidates three distinct moderating pathways—financial resilience, economic resources, and energy infrastructure—each operating through different mechanisms.
Shuai Liang, Huanhuan Jiang, Peng Wang et al.· Frontiers in Public Health· 0 citations
Indoo air pollution poses a critical public health risk, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions like Bangladesh, where inadequate ventilation and climatic conditions intensify exposure risks. This study investigated seasonal and diurnal variations in indoor air quality (IAQ) across AC and Non‐AC environments in Mymensingh, assessing compliance, pollutant correlations, and quantification of health risks (ELCR, HQ). Measurements of PM
1
, PM
2.5
, PM
10
, TVOCs, HCHO, temperature, and humidity were taken from 56 rooms (28 AC, 28 Non‐AC) during the monsoon and post‐monsoon seasons using real‐time monitors. During the post‐monsoon season, PM
2.5
levels in Non‐AC rooms reached 123.29 µg/m
3
in the afternoon, compared to 79.79 µg/m
3
in AC rooms, while PM
10
concentrations peaked at 145.32 µg/m
3
in Non‐AC environments and 89.75 µg/m
3
in AC rooms. TVOC levels were highest in AC rooms, reaching 884 µg/m
3
, likely due to limited ventilation, and HCHO concentrations in AC spaces (301.14 µg/m
3
) consistently exceeded WHO guidelines. Temperature and humidity influenced pollutant dynamics, with PM levels positively correlated with temperature and HCHO negatively correlated. Health risk assessments revealed significant hazards during the post‐monsoon season, with children in Non‐AC environments facing high estimated lifetime cancer risks (ELCR) from PM
1
(5.16E‐03) and PM
2.5
(2.7E‐03), while AC environments showed elevated risks from HCHO (8.75E‐06). Hazard Quotients (HQ) for PM
2.5
(9.30) and PM
10
(3.21) in Non‐AC environments reached alarming levels, indicating severe non‐carcinogenic risks. Source apportionment using Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) identified distinct pollutant sources, underscoring the complex interplay of indoor and outdoor factors. Spatial analysis highlighted central urban zones as high‐risk areas due to traffic emissions and commercial activities. These findings emphasize the dual burden of particulate exposure in Non‐AC spaces and chemical accumulation in AC environments, influenced by seasonal shifts. Policy reforms focusing on source reduction, improved building codes, and public awareness are crucial to mitigate health disparities in tropical urban settings.
Md. Monabbir Hossain, M. Sojib, Md. Azharul Islam et al.· Environmental Quality Manage...· 0 citations
