Marwan Jarrah

From benchmarking to human–AI collaboration: a systematic review of ChatGPT in translation studies (2022–2025)

The literature demonstrates a transition from early benchmarking of ChatGPT against human translators and conventional translation technologies toward a more interaction-oriented understanding of human-AI collaboration, suggesting that current translation research is increasingly concerned with whether ChatGPT can translate effectively, but with how it can be integrated responsibly and productively into translation practice, translator education, and human decision-making.