Thermal extraction and physicochemical characterization of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite from bovine bone waste
This research demonstrated the feasibility of extracting nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HAp) from bovine bone waste through controlled thermal calcination at 600, 800, and 1000 °C. Thermal analysis showed mass losses of 32.50–34.90%, reflecting progressive removal of the organic matrix. Updated XRD analysis confirmed t...