Protective role of probiotics or Spirulina platensis supplementation against mercury-induced hematological, histopathological, and antioxidant-immune gene dysregulation in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
It is demonstrated that probiotics or S. platensis effectively counteract Hg-induced hematological, histopathological, and molecular stress in Nile tilapia, underscoring their potential as sustainable dietary interventions to enhance fish health and aquaculture productivity under heavy metal exposure.