Decoding the Immuno-Oncology-Microbiome axis: Breakthroughs in mechanisms, technologies, and clinical applications
The Immuno-Oncology-Microbiome (IOM) axis is a tripartite regulatory system involving microbiota, immune cells, and tumors, which critically modulates cancer progression and therapy response. This systematic review synthesizes key advances from 2022 to 2025, illustrating the field’s evolution from macro-associations to...